Microorganisms inhabit nearly every environment on earth and contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis in the Earth’s environment by acting as intermediaries in the physical cycle. Microorganisms also play a major role in our daily lives such as in the production of fermented foods, health care products, and chemical products. We can study the various applications of microorganisms through their metabolic capabilities. For example, in our lab, we study bacteria that can degrade and metabolize plastics that have always been considered non-biodegradable ; the metabolic mechanisms we have discovered have been truly unique. Why do microorganisms have these special abilities, and how did they come to possess it? We hope to present answers to these kinds of questions by determining the functions of biological parts with various scales.